How venom kills — and can lead to cures (2026)

Venom, a slow-acting yet potent force of nature, has captivated the curiosity of Mandë Holford, a renowned expert in the field of venom research. Holford's journey began with a simple video of a marine snail ambushing a fish, sparking her interest in the intricate world of venom and its potential applications in medicine. This fascination led her to Harvard, where she now leads a team of researchers dedicated to unraveling the mysteries of venom and its therapeutic potential.

Holford's research focuses on venomous sea snails and cephalopods, exploring their toxins and how these compounds can be harnessed for human benefit. She believes that venom is nature's drug factory, a concept that has already led to the development of several FDA-approved drugs. For instance, a peptide from the cone snail Conus magus was transformed into Ziconotide, the first non-opioid painkiller, and Ozempic was derived from the saliva venom of Gila monsters. These examples highlight the incredible potential of venom in treating various ailments.

One of the most intriguing aspects of venom is its ability to target specific biological systems with ruthless efficiency. Holford's team is investigating how venom can be used to manipulate cellular biology, potentially leading to new treatments for pain, cancer, and other diseases. They are particularly interested in the parallels between venom and the innate immune system, exploring how these two systems have evolved in an ongoing 'arms race'.

Holford's work is not just about scientific discovery; it's also about inspiring the next generation of scientists. She founded Killer Snails, an organization that creates immersive science curricula for students in grades 3-10, with a focus on promoting participation from underrepresented groups. Holford believes that by igniting curiosity in young people, we can ensure that the race for cures remains exhilarating and inclusive.

In conclusion, Mandë Holford's research is a testament to the power of nature in providing solutions to human problems. Her work not only advances our understanding of venom but also inspires us to think creatively about how we can harness the natural world to improve our lives. As she continues to push the frontiers of science, Holford remains committed to sharing her passion for discovery with the world.

How venom kills — and can lead to cures (2026)

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